The Three Devils: Luther's, Milton's, and Goethe's; With Other Essays

"The Three Devils: Luther's, Milton's, and Goethe's; With Other Essays" by David Masson is a collection of critical essays written in the late 19th century. The central theme of the opening essay revolves around the conceptions of evil as depicted by three influential figures—Luther, Milton, and Goethe—each representing the idea of evil in a distinct manner. The essay aims to analyze how these distinct portrayals reflect their respective beliefs and the cultural context of their times. At the start of the collection, the author introduces the idea of comparing the representations of the Devil by Martin Luther, John Milton, and Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, exploring how each figures' understanding of the Evil Principle is shaped by their personal experiences and literary contexts. Luther's view of the Devil is portrayed as a personal adversary rooted in his tumultuous faith journey, while Milton’s Satan is depicted as a grand literary character in his epic work, characterized by nobility and tragic flaws. In contrast, Goethe's Mephistopheles represents a modern, cynical perspective on evil, reflecting the complexities of human society and moral ambiguity. The opening portion sets up an analytical exploration to reveal the nuances of these three devils, emphasizing their cultural and existential significance.