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Tarzan of the Apes

Written by Edgar Rice Burroughs

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About this book

"Tarzan of the Apes" by Edgar Rice Burroughs is a novel written during the early 20th century that explores themes of survival, identity, and the clash between civilization and nature. The story centers around John Clayton, Lord Greystoke, and his wife, who find themselves marooned on the African coast when their ship, the "Fuwalda", encounters mutiny. After the tragic events that follow their shipwreck, their newly born son, initially abandoned, is raised in the wild by a tribe of apes, leading to his eventual identity as Tarzan, a unique being straddling two worlds. The opening of the novel sets the stage with a dramatic recounting of John Clayton's assignment to Africa, which quickly spirals into chaos as the ship's crew turns mutinous. The Claytons witness firsthand the brutality aboard and eventually face tragedy as they disappear from the civilized world. As they navigate danger, the narrative foreshadows the birth of their son and the perils that await him. After the shipwreck, the tale shifts focus to Tarzan's remarkable upbringing among the apes, showcasing both his challenges and his growing prowess as he learns to adapt to and survive in the jungle. This mix of adventure, survival, and the primacy of instinct captures the reader's imagination, hinting at the evolution of Tarzan and his unique struggle for identity in a world defined by the feral and the civilized.

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Reading guide

Themes, characters and key ideas in Tarzan of the Apes, written by Chaptra AI.

  • about 8 hours
  • intermediate
  • adventurous
  • romantic
  • primal

Edgar Rice Burroughs' "Tarzan of the Apes" introduces the iconic character of John Clayton, Lord Greystoke, orphaned in the African jungle and raised by apes. The story chronicles his extraordinary development, from a feral child learning the ways of the jungle to a formidable man who discovers his human heritage and falls in love with the American heiress, Jane Porter. It is a thrilling adventure exploring themes of nature versus nurture, the clash between civilization and savagery, and the quest for identity. The novel blends action, romance, and a unique premise to create a foundational work of pulp fiction that has captivated generations.

“I am Tarzan of the Apes! I am a great ape! I am a mighty hunter! I am a black warrior! I am a white man!”

Key themes

Nature vs. Nurture
This is the central theme, exploring whether one's innate human nature or environmental upbringing is more influential in shaping an individual. Tarzan, born human but raised by apes, embodies this conflict, demonstrating both primal instincts and a uniquely human capacity for learning, love, and complex thought.
Civilization vs. Savagery
The novel constantly contrasts the perceived order and morality of human civilization with the brutal, instinct-driven world of the jungle. Burroughs often blurs these lines, showing that savagery can exist within 'civilized' humans (mutineers, cruel sailors) and nobility within the 'savage' (Tarzan, Kala).
Identity and Belonging
Tarzan's entire existence is a quest for identity. He is neither fully ape nor fully human, struggling to understand where he belongs. This search drives his self-education and his eventual journey out of the jungle, as he seeks to find others like himself and understand his place in the world.

Worth discussing

How does Tarzan's upbringing challenge or affirm the concept of 'nature versus nurture'?

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