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Cover of Preface to Shakespeare

Preface to Shakespeare

Written by Samuel Johnson

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Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616

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About this book

"Preface to Shakespeare" by Samuel Johnson is a critical analysis and commentary on the works of William Shakespeare, written in the mid-18th century. Johnson delves into Shakespeare's literary merit, his understanding of human nature, and the nuances of his storytelling, while also promoting an appreciation for the playwright's timeless relevance in both literature and society. The opening of this work establishes Johnson's intent to critique the common notions surrounding Shakespeare's legacy. He discusses how society often favors the reverence of antiquity over contemporary excellence and investigates the reasons Shakespeare's works continue to endure. Johnson reflects on the nature of Shakespeare's characters, emphasizing their representation of universal human emotions rather than specific traits tied to their contexts. He also critiques the conventions of drama and engages with the historical context of Shakespeare's writing, showcasing his unique ability to blend tragedy with comedy in ways that reflect the realities of life. Through this thoughtful introduction, Johnson sets the stage for a thorough examination of Shakespeare's plays and their enduring significance.

Reading guide

Themes, characters and key ideas in Preface to Shakespeare, written by Chaptra AI.

  • about 8 hours
  • advanced
  • Analytical
  • Intellectual
  • Authoritative

Samuel Johnson's "Preface to Shakespeare" is a seminal work of 18th-century literary criticism, offering a profound and balanced assessment of William Shakespeare's genius. Johnson asserts that Shakespeare's enduring appeal lies in his faithful representation of universal human nature, transcending the limitations of time and culture. While acknowledging some faults rooted in the playwright's era and haste, Johnson champions Shakespeare as a poet of nature whose works achieve greatness through their emotional truth and timeless relevance. This work fundamentally reshaped literary criticism by promoting an appreciation for enduring public approbation over rigid classical rules, thereby establishing a new standard for literary judgment.

“The drama’s laws the drama’s patrons give, For we that live to please, must please to live.”

Key themes

The Nature of Genius and Artistic Merit
Johnson explores what truly constitutes literary greatness. He argues that genuine genius is not merely adherence to rules or classical precedents, but an inherent ability to represent universal truths and human nature, validated by enduring appeal across generations. Shakespeare embodies this genius through his fidelity to nature.
Time and Literary Judgment
A core tenet of the 'Preface' is Johnson's argument that time is the ultimate arbiter of literary value. He posits that works that endure through centuries and continue to resonate with diverse audiences prove their inherent worth, transcending the temporary fads or critical biases of any single era. Shakespeare's sustained popularity is the primary evidence for this claim.
Universality vs. Specificity in Characterization
Johnson champions Shakespeare's unparalleled ability to depict universal human emotions and motivations, rather than characters tied to specific historical contexts, professions, or social classes. He argues that Shakespeare's characters are 'genuine progeny of common humanity,' making them relatable to all people, at all times, securing their enduring appeal.

Worth discussing

How does Johnson's argument for the 'test of time' challenge or align with contemporary literary criticism?

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