Past and Present: Thomas Carlyle's Collected Works, Vol. XIII.

"Past and Present" by Thomas Carlyle is a social and political critique written in the mid-19th century. The work reflects on the state of England, focusing on the disparities between wealth and poverty, and the social responsibilities of citizens towards each other. Carlyle critiques the contemporary society’s values, proposing a return to genuine human connections and a system of government led by those of true merit and wisdom. The opening of "Past and Present" sets the stage for an exploration of England's dire conditions, where despite abundant resources and a capable workforce, many workers languish in poverty without meaningful employment. Carlyle describes this societal malaise through vivid imagery and poignant examples, such as the suffering of the unemployed workers in workhouses. He introduces the metaphor of Midas, likening the enchantment of wealth that brings no happiness or fulfillment to the plight of the English populace. By posing urgent philosophical queries about justice, labor, and the human condition, Carlyle urges a recognition of inner truth and moral integrity that he believes are essential for societal redemption. The opening serves to engage readers with the pressing issues of his time, calling for reflection and action in the face of injustice and despair.