On the Existence of Active Oxygen: Thesis Presented for the Attainment of the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the Johns Hopkins University

"On the Existence of Active Oxygen" by Edward Harrison Keiser is a scientific publication presented as a thesis for the attainment of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at Johns Hopkins University, written in the late 19th century. The work extensively explores the chemical properties and potential states of oxygen, particularly focusing on the concept of active or nascent oxygen, which refers to a hypothesized state of oxygen that has stronger oxidizing properties than its ordinary form. In this thesis, Keiser critically examines historical research and experiments surrounding the existence of active oxygen, addressing theories posited by noted chemists like Schönbein, Baumann, and Remsen. He meticulously describes various experiments aimed at detecting this alleged state of oxygen and evaluates their findings regarding oxidative properties under specific conditions. Ultimately, Keiser concludes that the evidence for active oxygen's existence remains unsubstantiated, suggesting that the reactions attributed to it may instead be explained by the behavior of stable chemical compounds such as hydrogen dioxide. His work contributes to the broader understanding of elemental behaviors and challenges the scientific community to revisit and rigorously test the assumptions surrounding the nature of oxygen.