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Not Paul, but Jesus

Written by Jeremy Bentham

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ChristianityBible. New TestamentPaul, the Apostle, Saint

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About this book

"Not Paul, but Jesus" by Jeremy Bentham is a philosophical critique written in the early 19th century. The work argues against the theological contributions of Saul of Tarsus, known as Paul, asserting that they diverge significantly from the teachings of Jesus Christ. Bentham positions Jesus as the true focal point of Christianity, advocating for the dismantling of Paul's influence in religious discourse. At the start of the text, Bentham lays out the foundation of his argument by examining the accounts of Paul’s conversion as depicted in the New Testament. He highlights the discrepancies between these narratives and suggests that the supernatural elements surrounding Paul's experiences were constructed for legitimacy rather than truth. The opening chapters establish Bentham’s intent to explore and dissect the impact of Paul's writings on the principles of Christianity, setting the stage for a deeper investigation into the dichotomy between the teachings of Jesus and those attributed to Paul.

Reading guide

Themes, characters and key ideas in Not Paul, but Jesus, written by Chaptra AI.

  • about 15 hours
  • advanced
  • analytical
  • polemical
  • critical

Jeremy Bentham's "Not Paul, but Jesus" is an early 19th-century philosophical critique that systematically challenges the theological authority and contributions of Saul of Tarsus, known as Paul, within Christianity. Bentham argues that Paul's teachings fundamentally diverge from and obscure the original, simpler message of Jesus Christ, whom he positions as the authentic cornerstone of the Christian faith. The work meticulously dissects Paul's narrative, beginning with a skeptical examination of his conversion accounts in the New Testament, suggesting their supernatural elements were crafted for legitimacy rather than factual accuracy. Ultimately, Bentham advocates for a return to the ethical and practical principles attributed to Jesus, urging the dismantling of Pauline influence to restore what he perceives as the true essence of Christianity.

“"The true founder of Christianity is Jesus; the corruptor of it, Paul."”

Key themes

The Divergence of Christian Doctrine
This is the central thesis: Bentham argues that Paul's teachings represent a significant departure from, rather than a faithful continuation of, Jesus's original message. He meticulously contrasts the simplicity and ethical focus of Jesus with the complex theological system attributed to Paul, particularly concerning the Law, grace, and justification.
Rationalism vs. Supernaturalism in Religion
Bentham, as an Enlightenment philosopher, critically examines supernatural claims, particularly Paul's conversion experience. He seeks rational explanations or highlights inconsistencies, advocating for a religion grounded in reason and observable ethics rather than miraculous events or unverified revelations. This theme reflects his broader philosophical commitment to empirical evidence and logical consistency.
The Nature of Religious Authority and Scripture Interpretation
The book fundamentally questions the source and legitimacy of religious authority. Bentham challenges Paul's self-proclaimed apostleship and the authority derived from his epistles, arguing that true authority rests with the original teachings of Jesus. It explores how scripture is interpreted and reinterpreted to establish or dismantle theological frameworks.

Worth discussing

To what extent do Paul's teachings genuinely diverge from or expand upon those of Jesus?

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