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Cover of Navajo Silversmiths: Second Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1880-1881, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1883, pages 167-178

Navajo Silversmiths: Second Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1880-1881, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1883, pages 167-178

Written by Washington Matthews

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SilverworkNavajo art

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About this book

"Navajo Silversmiths" by Washington Matthews is an ethnographic study written in the late 19th century. This scholarly work explores the art of silversmithing among the Navajo Indians, detailing the techniques, tools, and cultural significance of their craftsmanship. The book provides insight into the historical context and evolution of this art form, suggesting that it may have developed independently or with influences from neighboring cultures. The book delves into the practical aspects of Navajo silversmithing, describing the basic tools and materials utilized, such as forges, bellows, crucibles, and molds. Matthews highlights the processes involved in creating various silver objects, from simple buttons to intricate jewelry, showcasing the skill and creativity of Navajo artisans. The narrative includes detailed observations of smiths at work, illustrating their methods of soldering, polishing, and ornamentation. Additionally, it discusses the cultural significance of their designs, which often reflect individual expression and community identity. Through Matthews' portrayal, readers gain a deeper appreciation for the artistic and cultural contributions of the Navajo people.

Reading guide

Themes, characters and key ideas in Navajo Silversmiths: Second Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1880-1881, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1883, pages 167-178, written by Chaptra AI.

  • about 2 hours
  • advanced
  • informative
  • scholarly
  • detailed

Washington Matthews' "Navajo Silversmiths" is a seminal late 19th-century ethnographic report documenting the intricate art of silversmithing among the Navajo people. Published as part of the Bureau of Ethnology's annual report, it meticulously details the tools, techniques, and processes employed by Navajo artisans to create various silver objects, from simple buttons to elaborate jewelry. The study explores the historical origins and evolution of this craft, considering both indigenous development and potential influences from neighboring cultures. Beyond the technical aspects, Matthews illuminates the profound cultural significance of silversmithing, portraying it as a vital expression of individual artistry and community identity within Navajo society. This work stands as a foundational text in the study of Native American arts and ethnography.

“"The Navajo silversmiths, with their primitive tools, exhibit a remarkable ingenuity and artistic skill that rivals the work produced with more advanced implements."”

Key themes

Cultural Preservation and Documentation
The primary objective of Matthews' report is to meticulously document and preserve the knowledge of Navajo silversmithing at a specific historical juncture. This theme highlights the importance of recording traditional practices, tools, and cultural contexts before they are altered or lost due to external pressures or modernization. It underscores the value of ethnography in safeguarding cultural heritage.
Artistic Innovation and Skill
This theme celebrates the remarkable skill, creativity, and ingenuity of Navajo silversmiths. Matthews showcases how, despite using often rudimentary tools, artisans achieved a high level of craftsmanship and artistic expression. It explores the processes of design, execution, and ornamentation, highlighting the continuous evolution and adaptation within the art form.
Cultural Exchange and Influence
Matthews explores the historical context of Navajo silversmithing, discussing theories about its origins, including the possibility of independent development or influences from neighboring cultures (e.g., Spanish, Mexican, Pueblo). This theme delves into how cultures interact, borrow, and adapt artistic techniques and styles, ultimately creating something unique and distinct.

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How does Matthews' ethnographic approach reflect the scientific and cultural attitudes of the late 19th century?

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