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In the World

Written by Maksim Gorky

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About this book

"In the World" by Maxim Gorky is a novel written in the late 19th century. The story revolves around a young boy who finds himself in a new, oppressive job as a shop assistant in a boot store, where he faces harsh treatment from his master, his cousin, and the shop assistant. Through his experiences in the shop and the house, the protagonist is introduced to the darker aspects of society, including theft, socioeconomic struggles, and the complex relationships among the people involved in his life. The opening of the novel immerses readers into the protagonist's experiences as a shop-boy, detailing his interactions with his unkind master and the disdainful attitudes of his coworkers. He grapples with feelings of alienation and the disheartening nature of his new life, contrasting sharply with his previous, more independent existence. Introduced alongside him are a range of colorful characters, including his cousin Sascha and a rather sadistic cook, bringing to life the oppressive atmosphere of the shop and the emotional unrest within the boy. These early chapters set the stage for a profound exploration of human nature and social commentary that spans Gorky's work.

Reading guide

Themes, characters and key ideas in In the World, written by Chaptra AI.

  • about 10 hours
  • intermediate
  • dark
  • melancholic
  • realistic

Maxim Gorky's "In the World" (often translated as "My Apprenticeship") is the second installment of his autobiographical trilogy, chronicling the formative years of the protagonist, Alexei Peshkov, as he navigates the harsh realities of late 19th-century Russian society. Following a difficult childhood, Alexei is thrust into the working world, beginning with an oppressive stint as a shop assistant in a boot store. Here, he confronts exploitation, cruelty, and the stark socioeconomic disparities of his time, forcing him to grapple with profound feelings of alienation and disillusionment. The novel is a powerful bildungsroman, detailing Alexei's intellectual and emotional awakening amidst the brutal struggles of the lower classes, and his quest for knowledge, dignity, and a deeper understanding of humanity.

"Life is always a struggle, and it is in this struggle that we find our strength."

Key themes

Social Injustice and Class Struggle
The novel vividly exposes the brutal realities of class divisions in late 19th-century Russia, detailing the exploitation, poverty, and lack of opportunity faced by the working class. It critiques the systemic injustices that perpetuate suffering and limit human potential.
Loss of Innocence and Coming of Age (Bildungsroman)
The novel is a quintessential bildungsroman, charting Alexei's painful transition from childhood innocence to a mature understanding of the world's harshness and complexities. His experiences force him to confront moral dilemmas and develop a resilient sense of self.
The Search for Knowledge and Meaning
Despite his arduous circumstances, Alexei develops an insatiable hunger for knowledge and understanding. Reading becomes his refuge and his primary means of intellectual and spiritual growth, offering him a path to transcend his oppressive environment and find meaning in a seemingly meaningless world.

Worth discussing

How does Gorky portray the impact of socioeconomic conditions on individual morality and behavior?

Chapter-by-chapter breakdowns, character arcs and the full thematic analysis come with a free account.

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