Forty Centuries of Ink: Or, A chronological narrative concerning ink and its backgrounds, introducing incidental observations and deductions, parallels of time and color phenomena, bibliography, chemistry, poetical effusions, citations, anecdotes and curiosa together with some evidence respecting the evanescent character of most inks of to-day and an epitome of chemico-legal ink.

"Forty Centuries of Ink" by David Nunes Carvalho is a historical account written during the late 19th century. The book explores the extensive history of ink, detailing its evolution and significance from ancient times to the modern era, while also addressing the impact of contemporary ink formulations on the preservation of documents. The author provides a rich tapestry of information, including practical aspects of ink manufacture, historical anecdotes, and discussions on the chemical properties of various inks used throughout history. The opening of the work sets the stage for a thorough examination of ink's origins and its materials, beginning with ancient methods of production and applications in writing. Carvalho articulates the need for a deeper understanding of ink as a significant element in documenting history, emphasizing that despite its importance, historians have overlooked its study. He delves into the various formulations used over the centuries, the symbolism attached to colors, and legal implications regarding ink in documents. The author introduces intriguing historical details, including the inks used by ancient civilizations and discusses contemporary concerns about the durability of modern inks, warning against their potential evanescence.