Ethnology of the Ungava District, Hudson Bay Territory: Eleventh Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1889-1890, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1894, pages 159-350

"Ethnology of the Ungava District, Hudson Bay Territory" by Lucien M. Turner is a scientific publication written in the late 19th century. This work explores the geography, climate, vegetation, and animal life of the Ungava District, as well as an in-depth examination of the native inhabitants, including the Eskimo and various Indian groups. The text serves as a comprehensive ethnographic account of the region, detailing cultural practices, social structures, and environmental interactions of the people living there. The opening of the text introduces the geographical and historical context of the Ungava District, particularly focusing on Fort Chimo and its significance as a trading post founded by the Hudson Bay Company. Turner outlines the area's defining features, such as its rivers, climate, and the natural landscape shaped by glacial actions. He also sets the stage for discussing the native populations, their customs, and their relationship with the land and trading practices, establishing a foundation for the ethnological study that follows in later sections.