Conscience & Fanaticism: An Essay on Moral Values

"Conscience & Fanaticism: An Essay on Moral Values" by George Pitt-Rivers is a philosophical essay written in the early 20th century. The work explores the complexities and implications of moral values, particularly the concept of conscience, and its impact on human behavior, judgment, and societal norms. The author delves into the interactions of individual morality with larger societal influences, examining the contributions and challenges posed by fanaticism. The opening of the essay introduces the concept of conscience as a multifaceted theme that has traversed time and diverse perspectives—ranging from religious to political ideologies. Pitt-Rivers begins by highlighting the prevalence of "conscientious" behavior in contemporary society, emphasizing the variances in how conscience is interpreted and applied. He critiques the inconsistencies in how different individuals and institutions, such as the State and the Church, invoke conscience, often to justify actions that can lead to contradictory outcomes. By addressing these complexities, the author sets the stage for a more thoughtful analysis of the relationships between conscience, moral judgment, and the often fanatical interpretations that can arise when personal beliefs clash with societal expectations.