Calvert and Penn: Or the Growth of Civil and Religious Liberty in America, as Disclosed in the Planting of Maryland and Pennsylvania

"Calvert and Penn" by Brantz Mayer is a historical discourse written in the mid-19th century. This work explores the foundations of civil and religious liberty in America, specifically as revealed through the establishment of Maryland and Pennsylvania. The narrative likely delves into the contrasting philosophies and actions of two key figures: George Calvert, the first Lord Baltimore, and William Penn, the founder of Pennsylvania, both of whom played pivotal roles in shaping early American society in terms of religious freedoms and governance. The opening of "Calvert and Penn" presents a deep examination of the historical and political context surrounding the Reformation in England, leading to the quest for religious freedom in the New World. It discusses the tensions between the Roman Catholic Church and emerging Protestant sects, highlighting the various groups fleeing persecution in Europe. The text reflects on the philosophical underpinnings of individual rights and the necessity of assembling to honor the legacy of past generations. The narrative sets the stage for contrasting Calvert's aim to establish a Catholic refuge and Penn’s vision for a Quaker-oriented society based on egalitarian principles, introducing themes that will unfold throughout the text.