A Philological Essay Concerning the Pygmies of the Ancients

"A Philological Essay Concerning the Pygmies of the Ancients" by Edward Tyson is a scientific publication likely written in the late 17th century. This essay explores the mythological and legendary representations of pygmy races as recounted in ancient texts while providing insights into the misunderstandings that may have led to these tales. The opening of the work establishes the book's context, explaining Tyson's intent to clarify that there are no actual pygmy races, as his inquiries have revealed no evidence of such groups. Tyson sets out to examine tales of pygmies, cynocephali, and satyrs, asserting that these legends are misinterpretations of non-human creatures, particularly primates, rather than actual diminutive tribes. The introduction contains acknowledgments of his sources and his scientific background as a physician and anatomist, illustrating that his investigation blends literature and natural philosophy to analyze the origins of these myths.