A History of Rome During the Later Republic and Early Principate

"A History of Rome During the Later Republic and Early Principate" by A. H. J. Greenidge is a historical account written in the early 20th century. This comprehensive work examines the political, social, and economic conditions of Rome from the tribunate of Tiberius Gracchus to the second consulship of Marius (B.C. 133-104). Greenidge focuses on the complex dynamics of Roman society, particularly during significant periods of turmoil and reform, as well as the influential figures involved in these transformations. The opening of the volume provides a detailed overview of the social discontent that characterized the late Roman Republic. Greenidge introduces the economic challenges faced by the citizens as well as the rising calls for reform. He discusses the consequences of the changing societal structure, including the effects of military service, debt, land distribution, and the growing wealth disparity. This introductory section sets the stage for an in-depth exploration of the subsequent reforms attempted by figures such as Tiberius and Caius Gracchus, highlighting the historical context that led to their notable actions in seeking to address the inequalities faced by the lower classes in Roman society.